ABAP General Interview Questions:
Below are very important top SAP ABAP interview questions with Answers:
Q1:How can data classes be described?
A1: One data class is the master data which is hard to modify, then we have the organization data which is rarely modified and is introduced into the system at its configuration, the transaction data which is modified very often and the system data which is needed by the R/3 system.
Q2: What is the meaning of a domain and a data element?
A2: The main object that contains the technical properties that a business object attribute has is called a domain, it contains the field value range. The semantic definition of a table or the way in which the field is shown to an end-user is called a data element.
Q3: What is the significance of BDC programming?
A3: When we move large, legacy or external data in the SAP system with the aid of Batch Input programming we talk about BDC or Batch Data Communications, batch input is the automatic operation which implies BDC. The queue file that is moved receives data through batch input programs and the data is arranged in “sessions”.
Q4:What is the meaning of ABAP data dictionary?
A4: In the application developmentthe logical object structure is pictured by ABAP4, the data dictionary which is alsodisplaying the way in which these objects are mapped to the relational database (views or tables).
Q5: What is the meaning of a foreign key relationship?
A5: A foreign key relationship means that a relationship has to be defined at the field level in an explicit way and also it is possible to define it between tables. These keys are meant to make the data consistent, we have to check the data we insert to make sure there are no conflicts between the data inserted and the data that already exists. We have to specify cardinality, which is a foreign key relationship and it talks about the number of dependent records and the details about referenced records.
Q6: How do we describe indexes?
A6: The database copy that can be lowered to particular fields is the description of indexes, it is found in a sorted form. The sorted form gives us easy and rapid table field permission.For other fields to be read as well the index includes a reference to the record of the table, the index is started once with the table automatically in the database.
Q7: What is the meaning of ITS and what merits does it have?
A7: ITS or Internet Transaction Server is an interface linking the R/3 system to a HTTP server that transforms the data from the screen in HTML documents and back. One of the merits of the Internet Transaction Server is that it can make an entire web transaction along with its verification in the R/3 system. The parts of the transaction, even the ones from outside the runtime of the R/3 system can be deployed inside R/3. So at runtime the HTML documents that are language dependent can use the automatic language processing of the R/3 system.
Q8: What parts do we find in the SAP scripts?
A8: Being a SAP writing utility, SAP scripts can be described as having several parts:
a) The standard text- the usual writing for documents.
b) The layout sets- they are split in pages, windows, paragraph formats and character formats.
Q9: In what ways are the pooled tables different from the transparent tables?
A9: The pooled tables a multiple to single connection with the database table, which has other name than the one in the dictionary. They are deployed in the database level in the table pool. The transparent tables have a single to single connection type with the database table, a construction type that is correspondent to one database field. In this case the name of the database table is just as the one in the dictionary.
Q10: What events do we know in ABAP/4?
A10: The known events in ABAP/4 are: Initialization then the At selection screen, the Start of selection and the End of selection, the top and end of page, At line selection, At user command, At PF, At New, At Last, At End and At First.
Q11: What is the meaning of logical databases and what disadvantages and advantages do they have?
A11: Logical databases are the used for reading the data from database tables and they can attribute the read-only access feature to a set of tables from the ABAP/4 application. The disadvantages of the logical databases are:
a) When we don’t use the logical data base specification in the attributes of a program then the GET event will not happen.
b) The ENDGET command doesn’t exist and the block of code corresponding to the event will finish with the following event statement which can be a different GET event or END-OF-SELECTION.
The advantages of logical databases are:
a) There are functions that verify if the user input is complete, plausible and correct.
b) The selection data is meaningful.
c) The central authorization is looking for access in the database.
d) The hierarchical data view is dependent of the application logic and it is maintained along with nice performance regarding data reading.
Q12: What is the significance of Smart Forms?
A12: With the aid of Smart Forms we can make forms with a graphical design utility that has a good functionality and color scheme. The new forms that are made at SAP are made using this tool, Smart Form.
Q13: What separates independent data from dependent data?
A13: The transfer requirements of the client can be independent or dependent and they can contain particular or cross client objects when changes is made. For example the SAP scripts objects are particular to the client but many of the customizing entries are independent from the client. When one change request is made and we have the list of objects and the attribute for every object then we can see the flag client specific. If the flag is up for one of the objects this will mean that the transport is client dependent.
SAP frequently Interview Questions
Q14: What is the meaning of the ABAP/4 Query?
A14: If we want to create easy reports with no coding involved we can use a very nice utility named ABAP/4 Query. With this useful tool 3 easy reports can be created:
a) The basic list which is the most simple.
b) The Statistics which use functions such as Percentages or Average.
c) The ranked lists which are good for analytical reports.
For making an ABAP/4 Query the coder must make a functional group and a user group, the functional group creation can be based on a logical database table or not. In the end the user group will be assigned to a functional group and a query will be created based on the functional group.
Q15: What functional modules do we use in the sequence of the BDC?
A15: To make a successful data transfer with the aid of BDC we have three functional modules that we use in sequence:
a) BDC_OPEN_GROUP- which includes as parameters the client name, the user name and the sessions.
b) BDC_INSERT-introduces data of a single transaction in a session.
c) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP-with this one we can shut the batch input session.
Q16: What is the role of internal tables?
A16: These tables are seen only when a program is executed, they are standard data type objects and they allow us to make table calculations and to re-arrange the database tables content in the desired way by the user.
Q17: In what way can we make data uploads with the aid of CATT?
A17: For making data uploads using CATT we have to make pass through the following phases: A CATT test case has to be made then the sample data input has to be recorded, the source file template must be downloaded and then modified. In the end the uploading of the data must be made from the source file.
Q18: What is the meaning of DynPro?
A18: The Dynamic Programming that brings together the screen and the corresponding flow logic screen is named DynPRo.
Q19: Why macro and subroutine are different?
A19: The macros are used strictly utilized in the program where their definition was made while the subroutines or forms may be invoked not only by the programs where they were defined but also from other different programs. Actually forms are local subroutines which means that they can be invoked externally. Macros are short forms of some code parts and they can be utilized multiple times. Functions can be subroutines if they are externally invoked. Macros can’t be debugged so we should prevent them from being utilized. As a conclusion if we have a local (or internal) subroutine we will use forms and if we have an externally invoked subroutine, used by multiple programs we will use functions.
Q20: How are screen painter and menu painter different?
A20: With the aid of the screen painter we can modify, design and keep the elements of the screen, we can generate GUI screens that we use for transactions. The elements of the screen painter are the layout, the attributes, the flow logic and the filled attributes. With the aid of the menu painter we can make designs of the interface parts like menu bars, lists, statuses, titles , these are the elements of the menu painter. They are different but they are also both parts of the ABAP/4 graphical interface.
Q21: What significance has ALV programming has as an ABAP grid and when is it utilized?
A21: ALV means Application List Viewer, there is group of AVL function modules in SAP, they may be used for making a report output look better. By looking better the report output will become more readable and functional. ALV is very useful and valuable in some cases when the report output has columns with over 255 characters, ALV will re-arrange the columns in a dynamical way. A report output can have a maximum of ninety columns in the screen and a lot of screen options.
Q22: What is the meaning of CTS and how can we describe it?
A22: CTS means Change and Transport System and it is a utility which is meant for arranging projects in development from the ABAP Workbench, also it is good for modifying and carrying the modifications from the SAP Systems to the clients and back in the system landscape.
Q23: How do we describe a batch input session?
A23: The Intermediate phase from internal table to the database table is named a batch input session. The data is deposited together with the action, for example the data from the screen fields, the name of the program corresponded to it and the mode in which the future screen will be processed.
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